Pension schemes kisi bhi desh ke karmchariyon ke bhavishya ke liye atyant mahatvapurn hoti hain. Bharat me bhi, Old Pension Scheme (OPS) aur New Pension Scheme (NPS) ke madhya kaafi samay se charcha chal rahi hai. Is blog me hum in dono schemes ka tulnatmak adhyan karenge, jisme aapko dono schemes ke fayde, nuksaan, aur naye data ke saath samajh me aayega ki kaunsi scheme behtar hai.
Old Pension Scheme (OPS) Kya Hai?
Old Pension Scheme, jo ki pehle ke sarkari karmchariyon ke liye lagu thi, ek defined benefit scheme thi. Is scheme me retire hone ke baad sarkari karmachariyon ko ek fixed pension milti thi. Yeh pension unke last drawn salary ke 50% ke barabar hoti thi.
Old Pension Scheme ke Features:
- Defined Benefits: Karmchariyon ko unke kaam ke anusaar ek fixed pension di jaati thi, chahe market kaise bhi perform kare.
- Gratuity Benefit: Isme gratuity ka bhi prabandh tha, jo ek tarah ka additional retirement benefit hota tha.
- Dearness Allowance (DA): Pension me DA adjustment bhi hoti thi, jo inflation ke hisaab se badhti thi.
- Tax-Free Pension: OPS ke antargat milne wali pension puri tarah tax-free hoti thi.
Drawbacks of OPS:
- Sarkar par zyada fiscal burden padta tha.
- Youth ke liye naye job opportunities me girawat hoti thi.
New Pension Scheme (NPS) Kya Hai?
New Pension Scheme, jo 2004 ke baad ke sarkari karmchariyon ke liye lagu ki gayi, ek defined contribution scheme hai. Isme employee aur employer dono contribution karte hain aur fund ko market ke hisaab se invest kiya jata hai.
New Pension Scheme ke Features:
- Market-Linked Returns: NPS me fund ka investment market-based hota hai, jisse returns fixed nahi hote.
- Employee aur Employer ka Yogdan: Isme employee aur employer dono apne basic salary aur DA ka 10% contribute karte hain.
- Portable Account: Yeh ek portable scheme hai, jisme employee apna NPS account kahin bhi transfer kar sakta hai.
- Tax Benefits: NPS ke antargat Section 80C aur 80CCD(1B) ke tehat tax benefits milte hain.
- Annuity Purchase: NPS me retire hone par ek anumit hissa annuity purchase ke liye reserve karna padta hai, jo regular income deta hai.
Difference between OPS and NPS
Niche diye gaye table ke madhyam se aapko dono schemes ke beech ka major difference samajhne me madad milegi:
| Features | (OPS) | (NPS) |
|---|---|---|
| Type | Defined Benefit Scheme | Defined Contribution Scheme |
| Pension Amount | Fixed (Last Salary ka 50%) | Market-Linked |
| Inflation Adjustment | Dearness Allowance | No automatic adjustment |
| Taxation | Tax-Free Pension | Partial Tax Benefits |
| Fiscal Burden | High | Comparatively Low |
| Employee Contribution | No | Mandatory (10% of Basic + DA) |
New Pension Scheme ki Safalta aur Chunautiyan
NPS ki Safalta:
- Bharat me Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) ke anusar, NPS ne 2023 tak 5 crore se zyada accounts ko cover kar liya hai.
- Average Annual Returns equity funds ke liye 8-10% aur government bonds ke liye 6-7% ke beech hain.
NPS ki Chunautiyan:
- Market Risk: NPS ke returns market performance par nirbhar karte hain.
- Less Security: OPS ki tulna me NPS zyada secure nahi maana jata.
- Withdrawal Rules: Retire hone par puri rakam nahi nikal sakte, ek hissa annuity purchase ke liye rakha jata hai.
Rajyon ki Maang: OPS ko Wapas Lao
Pichle kuch saalon me kai rajyon jaise Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, aur Punjab ne OPS ko wapas lagu kar diya hai. Inka maana hai ki NPS se karmchariyon ke bhavishya ki suraksha nahi ho pa rahi hai.
Rajyon ke Mudde:
- Sarkari karmchariyon ki pension me guarantee ki kami.
- NPS ke market risk ki wajah se job satisfaction me girawat.
- OPS ke sath karmchariyon ko zyada social security milti hai.
Aarthik Drishti se Tula
OPS ka Fiscal Burden:
- RBI ke ek report ke anusar, OPS ki wapsi se rajya sarkaron par 2060 tak 10% GDP ka additional burden aa sakta hai.
NPS ka Fiscal Benefit:
- PFRDA ke data ke mutabik, NPS me fund ka accumulation zyada hota hai jo long-term me economic growth ko support karta hai.
Employee ke Liye Kaunsi Scheme Behtar?
OPS Behtar Hai Agar:
- Aapko market ke risks se bachna hai.
- Aap fixed aur predictable income chahte hain.
- Aapko inflation ke khilaf suraksha chahiye.
NPS Behtar Hai Agar:
- Aap apna investment customize karna chahte hain.
- Aapko market returns ka fayda uthana hai.
- Aap tax benefits aur portability chahte hain.
Naye Data ke Aadhar par Analysis
- 2023 me ek survey ke mutabik, 60% karmchari OPS ko zyada pasand karte hain.
- NPS subscribers ke liye PFRDA ne 2023 tak ₹10 lakh crore ka corpus banaya hai, jo iski safalta ko darshata hai.
Nishkarsh
Old Pension Scheme aur New Pension Scheme dono ki apni-apni khaasiyat aur nuksaan hain. OPS jahaan ek fixed aur surakshit pension provide karti hai, wahin NPS market-based returns aur flexibility ka suvidha deti hai.
Yeh nirnay, ki kaunsi scheme behtar hai, aapke vyaktigat financial goals, risk appetite, aur priorities par nirbhar karta hai. Lekin aaj ke samay me, NPS ko ek modern aur sustainable pension scheme maana jata hai, jo long-term me fiscal burden ko kam karne me sahayak ho sakti hai.
Keywords: Old Pension Scheme, New Pension Scheme, OPS vs NPS, pension benefits, fiscal burden, NPS data, pension returns, retirement security.